{
 "source": "Original MyLevel practice questions for the CDL Hazardous Materials (H) endorsement knowledge test, written from the topics of the hazardous materials section (Section 9) of the state CDL manuals based on the AAMVA/FMCSA model manual (checked against PennDOT Pub 223 section 9 and the 2024 Michigan CDL manual section 9) and the knowledge areas of 49 CFR 383.121. These are not questions from any state DMV test or manual.",
 "rules": {
  "questions": 30,
  "passMark": 24,
  "minutes": 40,
  "note": "Checked on 1 Nov 2026 (dol.wa.gov, ecfr.io, law.cornell.edu, tsa.gov, tpr.fmcsa.dot.gov). The hazardous materials knowledge test is given by your state licensing agency; in Washington it has 30 questions and you pass with 24 correct, and federal rules (49 CFR 383.135) require at least 80% on every CDL knowledge test. The number of questions can differ by state. Before the H endorsement is issued you also need a TSA security threat assessment (fingerprints, $86.50 for new applicants and renewals, valid for up to 5 years), and since 7 February 2022 first-time H applicants must complete hazmat entry-level driver training before the knowledge test. There is no federal time limit: MyLevel mock exams give you 30 questions in 40 minutes, pass at 24. MyLevel is not affiliated with FMCSA, TSA, AAMVA or any state DMV.",
  "sources": [
   "https://dol.wa.gov/node/159",
   "https://ecfr.io/Title-49/Section-383.135",
   "https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/383.121",
   "https://federal-regs.com/title/49/part-383/383.93/",
   "https://www.tsa.gov/for-industry/hazmat-endorsement",
   "https://tpr.fmcsa.dot.gov/Drivers/Applicability",
   "https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/dmv/documents/driver-services/commercial-drivers/pub%20223%20-%20section%209.pdf",
   "https://www.michigan.gov/documents/Section_9_-_Hazardous_Materials_109905_7.pdf"
  ],
  "checked": "2026-11-01"
 },
 "topics": [
  {
   "slug": "intent",
   "name": "Intent of the rules and hazard classes"
  },
  {
   "slug": "resp",
   "name": "Shipper, carrier and driver responsibilities"
  },
  {
   "slug": "comm",
   "name": "Communication: shipping papers, labels, markings, placards"
  },
  {
   "slug": "load",
   "name": "Loading and unloading"
  },
  {
   "slug": "bulk",
   "name": "Bulk tanks: marking, loading, unloading"
  },
  {
   "slug": "drive",
   "name": "Driving and parking rules"
  },
  {
   "slug": "emerg",
   "name": "Emergencies"
  }
 ],
 "questions": [
  {
   "id": "hz-001",
   "topic": "intent",
   "q": "What are the three main goals of the hazardous materials rules for drivers?",
   "options": [
    "Tax dangerous cargo, register carriers and limit the number of trips",
    "Keep all hazardous loads off interstate highways and away from towns",
    "Speed up urgent chemical deliveries, cut shipper paperwork and lower insurance costs",
    "Contain the product, communicate the risk and ensure safe drivers and equipment"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "The manual names three aims: containment of the product, communication of the risk (papers, labels, markings, placards) and safe drivers and equipment.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-002",
   "topic": "intent",
   "q": "How do the rules try to keep a hazardous product contained?",
   "options": [
    "By limiting every shipment to a single package",
    "By allowing hazmat only in trailers with no doors",
    "By requiring every hazmat load to travel with a police escort and a second driver on board",
    "By telling shippers how to package it and drivers how to load, transport and unload it"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Containment comes from packaging rules for shippers and loading, transport and unloading rules for drivers.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-003",
   "topic": "intent",
   "q": "Hazard Class 3 covers which materials?",
   "options": [
    "Flammable liquids",
    "Oxidizers",
    "Corrosive materials",
    "Flammable solids"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Class 3 is flammable liquids, such as gasoline. Flammable solids are Class 4, oxidizers Class 5 and corrosives Class 8.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-004",
   "topic": "intent",
   "q": "A placard shows hazard Class 8. What kind of material is on the vehicle?",
   "options": [
    "Radioactive material",
    "Explosives",
    "Corrosive material",
    "Miscellaneous hazardous material"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Class 8 is corrosive materials, such as many acids. Radioactive is Class 7, explosives Class 1, miscellaneous Class 9.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-005",
   "topic": "intent",
   "q": "Which hazard class is used for explosives?",
   "options": [
    "Class 1",
    "Class 4",
    "Class 6",
    "Class 2"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Explosives are Class 1, divided into Divisions 1.1 to 1.6 by how they behave.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-006",
   "topic": "intent",
   "q": "What does Division 2.3 stand for?",
   "options": [
    "Non-flammable compressed gas",
    "Poisonous (toxic) gas",
    "Flammable gas",
    "Flammable liquid"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Class 2 gases are split into 2.1 flammable, 2.2 non-flammable and 2.3 poisonous gas.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-007",
   "topic": "intent",
   "q": "Propane is a gas that burns easily. Which division does a flammable gas belong to?",
   "options": [
    "Division 2.1",
    "Division 2.2",
    "Division 2.3",
    "Division 4.1"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Flammable gases are Division 2.1. Division 2.2 is non-flammable gas and 2.3 is poisonous gas.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-008",
   "topic": "intent",
   "q": "Which hazard class covers radioactive materials?",
   "options": [
    "Class 6",
    "Class 5",
    "Class 7",
    "Class 9"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Radioactive materials are Class 7. Class 6 is poisons and infectious substances.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-009",
   "topic": "intent",
   "q": "Class 5 includes which materials?",
   "options": [
    "Oxidizers and organic peroxides",
    "Flammable solids and matches",
    "Poisons and infectious substances",
    "Compressed and cryogenic gases"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Class 5 is oxidizers (Division 5.1) and organic peroxides (Division 5.2).",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-010",
   "topic": "intent",
   "q": "Division 6.2 is used for which kind of material?",
   "options": [
    "Corrosive liquids",
    "Infectious substances",
    "Poison inhalation hazards",
    "Spontaneously combustible materials"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Class 6 is split into 6.1 poisonous materials and 6.2 infectious substances.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-011",
   "topic": "intent",
   "q": "What is Class 9?",
   "options": [
    "Gases kept at very low temperatures",
    "Hazardous waste only",
    "Miscellaneous hazardous materials",
    "Materials forbidden in transport"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Class 9 is miscellaneous hazardous materials, for example asbestos or PCBs.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-012",
   "topic": "intent",
   "q": "A material catches fire or gives off flammable gas when it gets wet. Which division is it?",
   "options": [
    "Division 5.1",
    "Division 4.3",
    "Division 2.2",
    "Division 4.1"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Division 4.3 is 'dangerous when wet'. Division 4.1 is flammable solids and 5.1 is oxidizers.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-013",
   "topic": "intent",
   "q": "Which division covers materials that can catch fire on their own (spontaneously combustible)?",
   "options": [
    "Division 6.1",
    "Division 4.3",
    "Division 4.2",
    "Division 3"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Division 4.2 is spontaneously combustible material; 4.3 is dangerous when wet.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-014",
   "topic": "intent",
   "q": "According to the manual, what can happen to a driver who takes shortcuts with the hazmat rules?",
   "options": [
    "Only a written warning to the carrier",
    "A short retraining course at the carrier and nothing else",
    "Nothing, as long as no one is hurt",
    "Fines, jail, or loss of CDL driving privileges"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "The manual warns that breaking the hazmat rules can lead to fines and jail, and can cost you your CDL privileges.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-015",
   "topic": "intent",
   "q": "How do the rules define a hazardous material?",
   "options": [
    "Any liquid moved in a cargo tank",
    "Any product heavier than 1,000 pounds that is shipped in a closed trailer or tank",
    "A material that can pose an unreasonable risk to health, safety and property in transport",
    "Only materials that can explode"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "A hazardous material is one the Secretary of Transportation has found capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety and property when moved in commerce.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-016",
   "topic": "intent",
   "q": "What does ORM-D stand for in older manuals and shipping papers?",
   "options": [
    "Official Route Map - Designated",
    "Organic Reactive Material - Dangerous",
    "Other Regulated Material - Domestic",
    "Oxidizer Rated Mixture - Division"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "ORM-D means Other Regulated Material - Domestic, for example consumer goods such as some medicines. It needs no placard.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-017",
   "topic": "intent",
   "q": "Under federal rules, which CDL endorsement do you need to drive a vehicle that transports hazardous materials requiring placards?",
   "options": [
    "The doubles and triples (T) endorsement",
    "The hazardous materials (H) endorsement",
    "The passenger (P) endorsement",
    "The tank vehicle (N) endorsement"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "49 CFR 383.93 requires a hazardous materials endorsement, earned with a knowledge test plus a TSA security threat assessment.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-018",
   "topic": "resp",
   "q": "Who decides a material's proper shipping name, hazard class, ID number and packing group?",
   "options": [
    "The driver",
    "The state police",
    "The receiver",
    "The shipper"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "The shipper identifies the material and chooses its shipping name, class, ID number, packing group, packaging, labels and markings.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-019",
   "topic": "resp",
   "q": "Who is responsible for packaging, marking and labeling hazardous materials?",
   "options": [
    "The driver at the first stop",
    "The shipper",
    "The consignee after delivery",
    "The carrier's dispatcher"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Packaging, marking and labeling are the shipper's job. The driver checks that it was done.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-020",
   "topic": "resp",
   "q": "Who must supply the placards for a hazmat shipment?",
   "options": [
    "The shipper",
    "The weigh station hands them out",
    "The driver must buy them",
    "The receiver sends them ahead"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "The shipper supplies the placards; the driver puts them on the vehicle when loading, if required.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-021",
   "topic": "resp",
   "q": "What does the shipper's certification on the shipping paper state?",
   "options": [
    "That the load has been weighed at a scale",
    "That the driver holds an H endorsement",
    "That the shipment was prepared according to the rules",
    "That the route has been approved in advance by every state on the trip"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "The shipper signs a statement that the material is properly classified, described, packaged, marked and labeled.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-022",
   "topic": "resp",
   "q": "When is a shipper's certification not needed on the shipping paper?",
   "options": [
    "When the driver is a company employee",
    "When the load weighs under 1,001 pounds",
    "When a private carrier hauls its own product",
    "When the trip stays within one state and under 100 miles"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "The certification is not required when a private carrier moves its own product, or when the carrier provides the package, such as a cargo tank.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-023",
   "topic": "resp",
   "q": "What must the carrier do before moving a hazmat shipment?",
   "options": [
    "Remove the labels and placards so the load attracts less attention on the road",
    "Check that the shipper described, marked, labeled and prepared it correctly",
    "Phone the National Response Center for permission to move the shipment",
    "Repackage the material into its own containers"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "The carrier takes the shipment from the shipper, checks it is correct, refuses improper shipments and reports accidents.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-024",
   "topic": "resp",
   "q": "At the dock you see that one of the drums is leaking. What should you do?",
   "options": [
    "Load it in the back so it leaks outside",
    "Wrap it in plastic and take it",
    "Take it but drive slowly",
    "Refuse the leaking package"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Drivers must refuse leaking packages and shipments. Moving a vehicle with leaking hazardous materials is illegal.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-025",
   "topic": "resp",
   "q": "Your load requires placards. When must they be on the vehicle?",
   "options": [
    "Only when you cross a state line",
    "Within the first 50 miles",
    "Before you unload at the receiver",
    "Before you drive it"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Placard the vehicle when loading, if required. Attach the right placards before you drive.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-026",
   "topic": "resp",
   "q": "What does the manual say about the speed of a hazmat delivery?",
   "options": [
    "Move it without unnecessary delay",
    "Stop overnight before every delivery",
    "Wait for daylight before starting",
    "Always drive 10 mph below the limit"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "The driver must transport hazmat promptly, without unnecessary delay, following all special rules.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-027",
   "topic": "resp",
   "q": "Who is responsible for providing the emergency response telephone number?",
   "options": [
    "The shipper",
    "The truck stop",
    "The local fire department",
    "The driver"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "The shipper must provide the emergency response telephone number on the shipping paper (some materials do not need one).",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-028",
   "topic": "resp",
   "q": "An officer investigating a hazmat incident asks for your emergency response information. What do you do?",
   "options": [
    "Give it to the officer",
    "Show it only after your shift",
    "Refuse until the shipper is present",
    "Tell the officer to call the carrier"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "You must give the emergency response information to any federal, state or local authority responding to or investigating a hazmat incident.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-029",
   "topic": "resp",
   "q": "You haul hazardous waste. What must you do with the Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest?",
   "options": [
    "Sign it by hand and carry it",
    "Mail it to the EPA after delivery",
    "Keep a photo of it on your phone instead",
    "Leave it with the shipper"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "The shipper prepares and signs the manifest, and each carrier that moves the waste must sign it by hand and carry it.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-030",
   "topic": "resp",
   "q": "How often must hazardous materials employees, such as drivers, be trained and tested?",
   "options": [
    "Every 5 years",
    "Only after an accident",
    "At least once every 3 years",
    "Once, when hired"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Hazmat employees must be trained and tested at least once every three years.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-031",
   "topic": "resp",
   "q": "You are applying for the H endorsement for the first time. What must you complete before the H knowledge test?",
   "options": [
    "A road test in a placarded tank truck",
    "Six months of supervised driving with a hazmat carrier and a log of every trip",
    "A first-aid course from the Red Cross",
    "Entry-level driver training (ELDT) for hazmat from a registered provider"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Since 7 February 2022, first-time H applicants must finish hazmat entry-level driver training from a provider on FMCSA's Training Provider Registry before taking the H knowledge test.",
   "volatile": true
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-032",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "While you drive, where must the hazmat shipping papers be?",
   "options": [
    "At the carrier's office",
    "In the trailer next to the hazardous cargo it describes",
    "Locked in the glove compartment",
    "Within reach with your seat belt on, or in the door pouch"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Shipping papers go in a pouch on the driver's door or in clear view within reach while your seat belt is fastened.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-033",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "You leave the cab to eat. Where may the shipping papers be?",
   "options": [
    "In the sleeper berth under the mattress",
    "On the driver's seat or in the driver's door pouch",
    "Locked in the toolbox",
    "Inside the trailer near the hazmat"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Out of the vehicle, leave them on the driver's seat or in the door pouch so responders can find them.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-034",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "A shipping paper lists hazmat and ordinary freight. How must the hazmat entries stand out?",
   "options": [
    "Printed on a separate blank sheet",
    "Listed first, highlighted in a contrasting color, or marked X in the HM column",
    "Written in red ink at the bottom of the page and initialed by the driver",
    "Circled by the driver at pickup"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Hazardous items must be entered first, highlighted in a contrasting color, or marked with an X in a column headed HM.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-035",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "On a shipping paper, 'RQ' may appear in the HM column. What does it mean?",
   "options": [
    "Required quarantine",
    "Restricted quarter-load",
    "Refrigeration qualified",
    "Reportable quantity"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "RQ means the package holds a reportable quantity of a hazardous substance; a spill of that amount must be reported.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-036",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "A shipping paper has four pages. What must the first page show?",
   "options": [
    "The route plan for the trip and the expected arrival time",
    "The driver's signature on each line",
    "The total number of pages, such as 'Page 1 of 4'",
    "Only the hazardous items"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "A multi-page shipping paper must show the total number of pages on the first page.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-037",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "Which item belongs to the basic description of a hazardous material on a shipping paper?",
   "options": [
    "The driver's CDL number",
    "The vehicle's VIN",
    "The cargo's price",
    "The identification number"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "The basic description is the ID number, proper shipping name, hazard class or division and packing group.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-038",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "How is a packing group written on a shipping paper?",
   "options": [
    "As a letter from A to D",
    "As a weight in pounds",
    "As a color code",
    "In Roman numerals, such as III"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Packing groups are shown in Roman numerals (I, II or III), sometimes after the letters PG.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-039",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "What do the letters before a four-digit hazmat identification number usually show?",
   "options": [
    "HM or RQ",
    "UN or NA",
    "PG or ID only",
    "US or EU"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Identification numbers are four digits, usually preceded by UN or NA (some by ID).",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-040",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "How is the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) indexed?",
   "options": [
    "By proper shipping name and identification number",
    "By the state and county where the material was loaded",
    "By carrier name",
    "By truck type"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Responders look up the material in the ERG by its shipping name and ID number, which is why those must be correct.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-041",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "In the Hazardous Materials Table, which names are proper shipping names?",
   "options": [
    "Names marked with an asterisk",
    "Names in capital letters only",
    "Names in Roman (regular) type",
    "Names in italics"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Proper shipping names are in Roman type. Names in italics are not proper shipping names.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-042",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "Column 3 of the Hazardous Materials Table says 'Forbidden' for a material. What does that mean?",
   "options": [
    "Move it only by rail",
    "Carry it only with placards",
    "Never transport it",
    "Ship it only at night"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "'Forbidden' means the material may never be transported.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-043",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "A 'G' in column 1 of the Hazardous Materials Table means what?",
   "options": [
    "The material is a gas",
    "The name is generic and a technical name must be added on the shipping paper",
    "The material is green-labeled",
    "The material may be shipped only by ground, never by air or water"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "G marks a generic shipping name; the shipping paper must also show the technical name of the material.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-044",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "What does a plus sign (+) in column 1 of the Hazardous Materials Table mean?",
   "options": [
    "The material may be shipped only by air and never on a highway vehicle",
    "The shipping name, hazard class and packing group must be used as shown",
    "The material needs two placards",
    "The material can be mixed with any load"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "The + fixes the proper shipping name, class and packing group, even if the material would not meet that class's definition.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-045",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "A material has an 'A' in column 1 of the Hazardous Materials Table. When is it regulated?",
   "options": [
    "Only when shipped by air, unless it is a hazardous substance or waste",
    "Only on highways",
    "Only when the amount on the vehicle is above 1,001 pounds, by any type of transport",
    "Always, in every type of transport"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "A means the rules apply only by air, unless the material is a hazardous substance or hazardous waste.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-046",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "Column 7 of the Hazardous Materials Table shows special provision 2. What does a number from 1 to 6 there tell you?",
   "options": [
    "How many placards are needed",
    "The number of labels",
    "The packing group",
    "The material is a poison inhalation hazard"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Special provisions 1 to 6 in column 7 identify a poison inhalation hazard (PIH).",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-047",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "A compressed gas cylinder is too round for a label to fit well. What may the shipper use instead?",
   "options": [
    "A note on the shipping paper only",
    "A securely attached tag",
    "Paint in the hazard color",
    "Nothing, cylinders are exempt"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "If a label does not fit, the shipper may use a tag securely attached to the package, as on many gas cylinders.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-048",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "A package needs more than one hazard label. Where must the labels go?",
   "options": [
    "On opposite sides of the package",
    "One on top, one on the bottom",
    "On the shipping paper only, never on the package itself",
    "Close together, near the proper shipping name"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Multiple labels must be placed next to each other near the proper shipping name.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-049",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "What do the arrows on a package of liquid hazmat show?",
   "options": [
    "Which way is up",
    "Where the label goes",
    "The direction of travel",
    "Where to open it"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Orientation arrows on liquid packages point upward so the package is kept upright.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-050",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "A vehicle needs placards. On how many sides must they appear?",
   "options": [
    "Both sides only",
    "All four sides",
    "Front and back only",
    "The front only"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Placarded vehicles need placards on the front, rear and both sides, readable from all four directions.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-051",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "How far must a placard be from other markings on the vehicle?",
   "options": [
    "At least 2 feet",
    "At least 1 inch",
    "At least 3 inches",
    "At least 12 inches"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Placards must be at least 3 inches away from any other markings and clear of attachments.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-052",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "How must a placard be mounted?",
   "options": [
    "Inside the windshield",
    "Flat as a long rectangle across the front bumper and both rear doors",
    "On the roof facing up",
    "Square-on-point (as a diamond), at least 10 3/4 inches on a side"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Placards are diamonds (square-on-point), at least 10 3/4 inches square, on a contrasting background.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-053",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "Which placard is needed for any amount of the material (Placard Table 1)?",
   "options": [
    "POISON GAS for Division 2.3",
    "NON-FLAMMABLE GAS for Division 2.2",
    "FLAMMABLE for Class 3",
    "CORROSIVE for Class 8"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Table 1 materials, such as Division 2.3 poison gas, need placards in any amount. Classes 3, 8 and 2.2 are Table 2.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-054",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "You carry 30 pounds of a Division 4.3 'dangerous when wet' material. Do you need placards?",
   "options": [
    "No, it is under 1,001 pounds",
    "Only if the trip is over 100 miles",
    "Only if it rains",
    "Yes, DANGEROUS WHEN WET in any amount"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Division 4.3 is on Placard Table 1, so even a small amount requires DANGEROUS WHEN WET placards.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-055",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "A package has a Radioactive Yellow III label. Which placard rule applies?",
   "options": [
    "No placard below 1,001 pounds",
    "RADIOACTIVE placards in any amount",
    "A DANGEROUS placard is enough",
    "No placard: labels are enough"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Class 7 with a Radioactive Yellow III label is on Placard Table 1: placard any amount.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-056",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "Which Division 1 explosives must be placarded in any amount?",
   "options": [
    "Only Division 1.6",
    "Divisions 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3",
    "Divisions 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6",
    "None: all explosives use the 1,001 lb rule"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Explosives 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 are on Table 1. Divisions 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 are on Table 2.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-057",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "You carry 600 lb of a Class 3 flammable liquid and 450 lb of a Class 8 corrosive (both Table 2, weights with packaging). Do you need placards?",
   "options": [
    "Yes",
    "No",
    "Only if one package leaks",
    "Only for the flammable liquid"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Table 2 materials need placards once their total is 1,001 lb or more. 600 + 450 = 1,050 lb.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-058",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "Your only hazmat is 900 lb gross of a Class 8 corrosive (Table 2). Do you need placards?",
   "options": [
    "No",
    "Yes, CORROSIVE on the front only",
    "Yes, a DANGEROUS placard",
    "Yes"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Class 8 is on Table 2: placards are needed only at 1,001 lb or more. 900 lb is below that.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-059",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "You pick up 500 lb of a Class 3 liquid at one dock and 520 lb of Division 2.2 gas at another (both Table 2). Do you need placards?",
   "options": [
    "Yes",
    "Only for the gas",
    "Only after the second pickup is unloaded",
    "No"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Add the Table 2 amounts on all your shipping papers: 500 + 520 = 1,020 lb, which is 1,001 lb or more.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-060",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "When may you use a DANGEROUS placard instead of separate placards?",
   "options": [
    "Whenever the trip is shorter than 50 miles",
    "Whenever the load has any Table 1 material",
    "Whenever the shipper has run out of the specific placards for the classes on the vehicle",
    "With 1,001 lb or more of two or more Table 2 classes, and less than 2,205 lb of any one loaded at one place"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "DANGEROUS may replace specific Table 2 placards only under these conditions. Table 1 materials always need their own placards.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-061",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "You loaded 2,500 lb of a Class 3 liquid at one place plus 400 lb of a Class 8 corrosive. May DANGEROUS replace the FLAMMABLE placards?",
   "options": [
    "Yes, the total is over 1,001 lb",
    "Only if the corrosive is on top",
    "Yes, there are two Table 2 classes",
    "No: 2,205 lb or more of it came from one place"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Once 2,205 lb or more of one Table 2 class is loaded at one place, that class needs its own placards.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-062",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "A package is marked INHALATION HAZARD. What placard is needed besides the hazard class placard?",
   "options": [
    "A marine pollutant mark on both sides of the vehicle",
    "A DANGEROUS placard",
    "None, if under 1,001 lb",
    "POISON INHALATION HAZARD or POISON GAS, in any amount"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Inhalation hazard materials need the POISON INHALATION HAZARD or POISON GAS placard even in small amounts; the 1,001 lb exception does not apply.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-063",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "May you put a 'Drive Safely' sign on a placard?",
   "options": [
    "No, slogans are not allowed on placards",
    "Yes, in the company's colors",
    "Yes, on the rear placard only",
    "Yes, if it is under 3 inches"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Placards must be clear and must not carry slogans such as 'Drive Safely'.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-064",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "On a tractor-trailer, where may the front placard go?",
   "options": [
    "Only on the trailer's rear doors, next to the license plate",
    "Inside the windshield",
    "On the front of the tractor or the front of the trailer",
    "Only on the tractor's roof"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "The front placard may be on the front of the tractor or the front of the trailer.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-065",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "Which placard does Division 6.2 (infectious substances) need under Table 2?",
   "options": [
    "POISON",
    "DANGEROUS",
    "BIOHAZARD in any amount",
    "None"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Placard Table 2 lists no placard for Division 6.2. Packages are still labeled and marked.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-066",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "What does the marine pollutant marking look like?",
   "options": [
    "An orange square with a blue wave line",
    "A blue diamond with a boat",
    "A white triangle with a fish and an X",
    "A black circle with a skull"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "The marine pollutant mark is a white triangle showing a fish with an X through it. It is a marking, not a placard.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-067",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "When must a non-bulk package show 'RQ'?",
   "options": [
    "When it weighs over 100 lb",
    "When it is shipped by rail",
    "When the material in it is listed on Placard Table 1 or Table 2",
    "When it holds a reportable quantity or more of a hazardous substance"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "If a package holds the reportable quantity or more, the shipper shows RQ on the shipping paper and the package.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-068",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "Which information must emergency response information include?",
   "options": [
    "Preliminary first aid measures",
    "The driver's home address",
    "The shipper's insurance number",
    "The value of the cargo"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "It must give immediate health hazards, fire and explosion risks, first precautions, fire and spill methods, and first aid.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-069",
   "topic": "comm",
   "q": "Which of these must appear on a hazmat package as a marking?",
   "options": [
    "The driver's name",
    "The proper shipping name and ID number",
    "The truck's license plate",
    "The delivery date"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Markings include the shipping name and ID number, and the name and address of the shipper or consignee.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-070",
   "topic": "load",
   "q": "What must you do before loading or unloading any hazardous materials?",
   "options": [
    "Set the parking brake and make sure the vehicle will not move",
    "Open every package to check that the contents match the shipping paper",
    "Remove the placards",
    "Turn on the hazard lights only"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Before loading or unloading, set the parking brake and make sure the truck will not move.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-071",
   "topic": "load",
   "q": "While loading, you must never smoke near which material on this list?",
   "options": [
    "Class 9 miscellaneous materials",
    "Division 6.2 infectious substances",
    "Class 8 corrosives",
    "Class 3 flammable liquids"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "The manual lists Class 1, Division 2.1, Class 3, Class 4 and Class 5 as materials you must never smoke around.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-072",
   "topic": "load",
   "q": "Where should hazardous materials be loaded in the cargo space?",
   "options": [
    "On top of the cargo heater",
    "Near the door for quick access",
    "Away from heat sources",
    "Next to the exhaust stack"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Keep fire and heat away: load hazmat away from heat sources.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-073",
   "topic": "load",
   "q": "What does the manual say about using hooks when loading hazmat?",
   "options": [
    "Do not use hooks or tools that might damage the containers",
    "Use hooks only on drums",
    "Hooks are fine if you wear gloves and check each package afterward",
    "Use hooks for packages over 50 lb"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Do not use hooks or other tools that could damage packages or containers.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-074",
   "topic": "load",
   "q": "How must hazmat packages be secured for the trip?",
   "options": [
    "Tied only if over 1,001 lb",
    "Left free so they settle",
    "Stacked loosely so they can be checked",
    "Braced so they cannot fall, slide or bounce"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Brace containers so they will not fall, slide or bounce around during transport.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-075",
   "topic": "load",
   "q": "During the trip, may you open a package or move hazmat into another package?",
   "options": [
    "Yes, at any rest area",
    "Yes, for packages under 50 lb",
    "No, never open packages or transfer between them in transit",
    "Yes, if the shipper agrees by phone and you note it on the shipping paper"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Do not open packages during the trip or transfer hazmat from one package to another in transit. You may empty a cargo tank.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-076",
   "topic": "load",
   "q": "Which loads do the cargo heater rules usually apply to?",
   "options": [
    "Division 6.2 only",
    "Class 1, Division 2.1 and Class 3",
    "Class 8 and Class 9",
    "Class 7 only"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Cargo heaters, including automatic heater/air conditioner units, are usually forbidden for Class 1, 2.1 and 3 loads.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-077",
   "topic": "load",
   "q": "May you carry Class 1, 4 or 5 materials as an overhang or tailgate load?",
   "options": [
    "Yes, during daylight only",
    "Yes, as long as every package is tied down with straps rated for the weight of the load",
    "No, they must be in a closed cargo space unless all packages are fire and water resistant or under such a tarp",
    "Yes, if the trip is short"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Overhang and tailgate loads of Class 1, 4 and 5 are not allowed; use a closed space unless packages and tarp are fire and water resistant.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-078",
   "topic": "load",
   "q": "What must you do with the engine before loading or unloading Class 1 explosives?",
   "options": [
    "Rev it to warm the cargo space",
    "Run it to power the lift gate",
    "Keep it idling",
    "Turn it off"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Turn your engine off before loading or unloading explosives, then check the cargo space.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-079",
   "topic": "load",
   "q": "Which floor lining is required for Divisions 1.1, 1.2 or 1.3?",
   "options": [
    "A steel plate lining",
    "Any wooden pallet",
    "No lining is needed",
    "Non-metallic or non-ferrous metal lining"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Use a floor lining for 1.1, 1.2 or 1.3; it must be non-metallic or made of non-ferrous metal.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-080",
   "topic": "load",
   "q": "A box of explosives looks damp and has an oily stain. What do you do?",
   "options": [
    "Put it on top of the load",
    "Mark it on the shipping paper and go",
    "Do not transport it",
    "Dry it and load it"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Never transport damaged explosives packages or ones that show dampness or oily stains.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-081",
   "topic": "load",
   "q": "When may you transfer Division 1.1, 1.2 or 1.3 explosives between vehicles on a public road?",
   "options": [
    "Only in an emergency, with red warning devices set out",
    "Whenever the receiver is closed and the other vehicle is from the same carrier",
    "Only at night",
    "At any truck stop"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Transfer these explosives on a public road only in an emergency; set out red warning reflectors, flags or electric lanterns.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-082",
   "topic": "load",
   "q": "How must Class 2 compressed gas cylinders be loaded when there are no racks?",
   "options": [
    "Hanging from the ceiling straps",
    "On a flat floor, upright or braced lying down",
    "Standing upright with no bracing",
    "Stacked on top of other freight"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Without racks the floor must be flat and cylinders held upright or braced lying down, or kept in racks or boxes so they cannot turn over.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-083",
   "topic": "load",
   "q": "Where may you never put a package labeled POISON?",
   "options": [
    "Next to Class 9 materials",
    "At the front of the trailer, close to the bulkhead wall",
    "In the cab or sleeper, or with food for people or animals",
    "On a pallet"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Never load POISON or POISON INHALATION HAZARD packages in the cab or sleeper, or with food for humans or animals.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-084",
   "topic": "load",
   "q": "What is the highest total transport index allowed for radioactive packages in one vehicle?",
   "options": [
    "10",
    "50",
    "25",
    "100"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "The total transport index of all Class 7 packages in a single vehicle must not exceed 50.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-085",
   "topic": "load",
   "q": "What does a radioactive package's transport index tell you?",
   "options": [
    "Its weight in pounds",
    "The degree of control needed during transportation",
    "How many placards are needed",
    "Its age"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "The transport index shows the degree of control needed; it also sets minimum distances to people and film.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-086",
   "topic": "load",
   "q": "How should breakable containers of corrosive liquid be loaded by hand?",
   "options": [
    "Stacked three high to save room",
    "Rolled carefully up the ramp",
    "Several at once on a hand truck, tilted back so they do not slide off",
    "One at a time, right side up, without dropping or rolling them"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Load breakable corrosive containers one by one, upright, on an even floor, without dropping or rolling them.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-087",
   "topic": "load",
   "q": "What are the rules for loading nitric acid?",
   "options": [
    "Stacked as high as the load allows, as long as the stack is braced on all sides",
    "Always on top of the load",
    "Only in the cab",
    "Never above any other product and never stacked more than two high"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Do not load nitric acid above any other product or stack it more than two high.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-088",
   "topic": "load",
   "q": "Where must you never load corrosive liquids?",
   "options": [
    "On an even floor",
    "Next to or above Class 5 oxidizers",
    "Away from the cargo heater",
    "Toward the front of the trailer"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Corrosive liquids must not be loaded next to or above Division 1.4, 4.1, 4.3, Class 5 or Division 2.3 Zone B materials.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-089",
   "topic": "load",
   "q": "How do you find out which hazardous materials may not be loaded together?",
   "options": [
    "Ask the first truck stop you pass",
    "Keep loads under 1,001 lb",
    "Check the segregation table in the regulations",
    "Load them in alphabetical order by their proper shipping name"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Some products must not share a cargo space; the segregation table in the rules shows which.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-090",
   "topic": "bulk",
   "q": "A single container of liquid counts as bulk packaging above which capacity?",
   "options": [
    "1,000 gallons",
    "119 gallons",
    "500 gallons",
    "55 gallons"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Bulk packaging for liquids is a single container with a capacity above 119 gallons (450 L).",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-091",
   "topic": "bulk",
   "q": "For solids, a single container is bulk packaging when its net mass is above what?",
   "options": [
    "1,001 pounds",
    "2,205 pounds",
    "882 pounds",
    "100 pounds"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Solids count as bulk above 882 lb (400 kg) net mass in one container.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-092",
   "topic": "bulk",
   "q": "For gases, a container is bulk packaging when its water capacity is above what?",
   "options": [
    "5,000 pounds",
    "1,000 pounds",
    "119 pounds",
    "500 pounds"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "A gas receptacle with a water capacity above 1,000 lb is bulk packaging.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-093",
   "topic": "bulk",
   "q": "What is the difference between a cargo tank and a portable tank?",
   "options": [
    "There is no difference",
    "A cargo tank holds only gases under pressure, while a portable tank holds only liquids",
    "A portable tank is always larger",
    "A cargo tank is permanently attached to the vehicle; a portable tank is not"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Cargo tanks are fixed to the vehicle. Portable tanks are loaded and unloaded while off the vehicle.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-094",
   "topic": "bulk",
   "q": "How are ID numbers shown on cargo tanks and other bulk packaging?",
   "options": [
    "Handwritten on the shipping paper only, never on the tank itself",
    "On a sticker inside the dome lid",
    "Black numbers on orange panels, placards or white diamonds",
    "Red numbers on the cab doors"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "ID numbers on bulk packaging use black 100 mm (3.9 inch) numerals on orange panels, placards or a white diamond.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-095",
   "topic": "bulk",
   "q": "A portable tank holds 1,200 gallons. Where must its ID numbers appear?",
   "options": [
    "On each side and each end",
    "Only on the shipping paper",
    "On the front only",
    "On one side only"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Portable tanks of 1,000 gallons or more show ID numbers on each side and each end; smaller ones on two opposite sides.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-096",
   "topic": "bulk",
   "q": "What must be shown on two opposite sides of a portable tank?",
   "options": [
    "The driver's name",
    "The owner's or lessee's name and the shipping name of the contents",
    "The route plan and the names of the last three consignees",
    "The tank's price"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Portable tanks must show the lessee or owner's name and the shipping name of the contents on two opposing sides.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-097",
   "topic": "bulk",
   "q": "How tall must the shipping name letters be on a portable tank of more than 1,000 gallons?",
   "options": [
    "At least 1/2 inch",
    "At least 1 inch",
    "At least 6 inches",
    "At least 2 inches"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "On portable tanks over 1,000 gallons the letters must be at least 2 inches tall; on smaller ones at least 1 inch.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-098",
   "topic": "bulk",
   "q": "During cargo tank loading, how close must the qualified person in attendance be?",
   "options": [
    "Within 25 feet, with a clear view of the tank",
    "Within 300 feet",
    "Within 100 feet, anywhere in the loading yard",
    "In the cab, without a view"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Someone must always watch tank loading and unloading: alert, within 25 feet and with a clear view of the tank.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-099",
   "topic": "bulk",
   "q": "Besides being close, what must the person attending tank loading be?",
   "options": [
    "A licensed firefighter",
    "Aware of the hazards, and authorized and able to move the tank",
    "The receiver's manager or another person who signs for the delivery",
    "The shipper's chemist"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "The attendant must know the hazards and emergency procedures and be authorized and able to move the cargo tank.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-100",
   "topic": "bulk",
   "q": "Before moving a cargo tank, what must you do with the manholes and valves?",
   "options": [
    "Leave one open for venting",
    "Close them all, whatever the amount or distance",
    "Close them only for trips of more than a few miles",
    "Close only the valves on the left"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Close all manholes and valves before moving a tank, no matter how small the amount or how short the distance.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-101",
   "topic": "bulk",
   "q": "Before you open the filling hole of a cargo tank for a flammable liquid, what must you do?",
   "options": [
    "Ground the tank, and keep it grounded until the hole is closed",
    "Start the engine",
    "Open all valves at once so the pressure can equalize before you start",
    "Remove the placards"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Ground a Class 3 cargo tank before opening a filling hole and keep the ground in place until after it is closed.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-102",
   "topic": "bulk",
   "q": "What should the engine do while you load or unload flammable liquids?",
   "options": [
    "Be started every five minutes",
    "Run at high idle",
    "Be off, unless it runs the pump",
    "Stay running to warm the tank"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Turn off your engine before loading or unloading flammable liquids; run it only if needed to operate a pump.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-103",
   "topic": "bulk",
   "q": "When unloading compressed gas, what must happen before you couple, uncouple or move the tank?",
   "options": [
    "Unhook all loading and unloading connections",
    "Open the liquid valves",
    "Start the transfer pump",
    "Remove the placards"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Unhook all loading and unloading connections before coupling, uncoupling or moving a tank.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-104",
   "topic": "bulk",
   "q": "After delivering, a cargo tank is empty but still holds residue. Does it need placards?",
   "options": [
    "Yes, a bulk package with residue must stay placarded",
    "Only if it weighs over 1,001 lb",
    "No, a tank that has been emptied never needs placards again",
    "Only on the front"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Bulk packagings must be placarded even if they hold only the residue of a hazardous material.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-105",
   "topic": "bulk",
   "q": "What must specification cargo tanks show besides the ID number?",
   "options": [
    "The previous load's price",
    "Retest date markings",
    "The fuel level",
    "The driver's name"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Specification cargo tanks must show retest date markings.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-106",
   "topic": "bulk",
   "q": "What is outage in a tank?",
   "options": [
    "Liquid that leaks out",
    "The time the tank spends out of service",
    "The tank's maximum weight",
    "The space left so the tank is not liquid-full"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Outage (ullage) is how much a tank falls short of being full, which leaves room for liquids to expand.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-107",
   "topic": "drive",
   "q": "With Division 1.1, 1.2 or 1.3 explosives aboard, how close to the traveled part of the road may you park?",
   "options": [
    "Never within 5 feet",
    "Never within 25 feet",
    "Anywhere on the shoulder",
    "Never within 1 foot"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Never park a vehicle with 1.1, 1.2 or 1.3 explosives within 5 feet of the traveled part of the road.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-108",
   "topic": "drive",
   "q": "Except briefly for needs like fueling, explosives vehicles may not park within what distance of a bridge, tunnel, building or open fire?",
   "options": [
    "100 feet",
    "25 feet",
    "1,000 feet",
    "300 feet"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Do not park within 300 feet of a bridge, tunnel, building, a place where people gather, or an open fire.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-109",
   "topic": "drive",
   "q": "Where may a vehicle with 1.1, 1.2 or 1.3 explosives be left unattended?",
   "options": [
    "On the shipper's, carrier's or consignee's property, or in a safe haven",
    "In a well-lit truck stop parking lot at night, as long as the doors are locked",
    "At any rest area",
    "On a quiet side street"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Someone must always watch the vehicle, except on the shipper's, carrier's or consignee's property, or in a safe haven.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-110",
   "topic": "drive",
   "q": "What is a safe haven?",
   "options": [
    "A tunnel with fire doors",
    "An approved place to park unattended explosives vehicles",
    "The driver's home",
    "Any truck stop with security"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "A safe haven is an approved place for parking unattended explosives vehicles, usually set by local authorities.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-111",
   "topic": "drive",
   "q": "Which person counts as attending a parked placarded vehicle?",
   "options": [
    "A security camera",
    "Someone awake in the cab, or within 100 feet with a clear view",
    "Someone inside a restaurant 200 feet away who can see the parking lot",
    "Someone asleep in the sleeper berth"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "The attendant must be in the vehicle (awake, not in the sleeper) or within 100 feet with the vehicle in clear view.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-112",
   "topic": "drive",
   "q": "Your placarded load is not explosives. When may you park within 5 feet of the traveled road?",
   "options": [
    "Whenever the shoulder is wide",
    "Only briefly, when your work requires it",
    "Never, under any condition",
    "Any time you need sleep"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Other placarded vehicles may park within 5 feet of the road only if your work requires it, and only briefly.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-113",
   "topic": "drive",
   "q": "May you uncouple a trailer of hazmat and leave it on a public street?",
   "options": [
    "Yes, with the placards on",
    "Yes, if it is locked",
    "No",
    "Yes, for up to an hour"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Do not uncouple a trailer with hazardous materials and leave it on a public street.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-114",
   "topic": "drive",
   "q": "You stop on the shoulder with a Class 3 cargo tank. Which warning devices may you use?",
   "options": [
    "Fusees",
    "Reflective triangles or red electric lights",
    "Any open-flame signal placed at least 100 feet behind the truck",
    "Burning flares"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Never use burning signals such as flares or fusees around a Class 3 or Division 2.1 tank, loaded or empty, or 1.1-1.3 explosives.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-115",
   "topic": "drive",
   "q": "What must a driver carrying Division 1.1, 1.2 or 1.3 explosives have for the route?",
   "options": [
    "Permission from each truck stop",
    "Only a GPS",
    "A police escort",
    "A written route plan, which you follow"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Carriers must give you a written route plan for 1.1, 1.2 or 1.3 explosives; carry a copy and follow it.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-116",
   "topic": "drive",
   "q": "Who chooses the route for a placarded radioactive load?",
   "options": [
    "The carrier, who tells the driver the plan",
    "The receiver",
    "The first weigh station",
    "The driver alone"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "For placarded radioactive loads the carrier picks the safest route and informs the driver.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-117",
   "topic": "drive",
   "q": "When placarded, which roads should you avoid when possible?",
   "options": [
    "Heavily populated areas, crowds, tunnels, narrow streets and alleys",
    "Roads with speed limits above 55 mph and any road with more than two lanes",
    "Any toll road",
    "All interstates"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Placarded drivers should avoid heavily populated areas, crowds, tunnels, narrow streets and alleys when possible.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-118",
   "topic": "drive",
   "q": "How close to a vehicle carrying Class 1, 3, 4 or 5 materials may you smoke or carry a lit cigarette?",
   "options": [
    "Not within 5 feet",
    "Not within 25 feet",
    "Anywhere outside the cab",
    "Not within 10 feet"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "No smoking and no lit cigarette, cigar or pipe within 25 feet of such a vehicle or a placarded Class 3 or 2.1 cargo tank.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-119",
   "topic": "drive",
   "q": "What are the rules when you refuel a placarded vehicle?",
   "options": [
    "Engine off and someone at the nozzle the whole time",
    "Anyone may leave the nozzle on auto",
    "Engine running so the air brakes stay charged while the tank fills",
    "Fuel only at night"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Turn off the engine before fueling, and someone must always be at the nozzle controlling the flow.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-120",
   "topic": "drive",
   "q": "What fire extinguisher must the power unit of a placarded vehicle have?",
   "options": [
    "A 2 A rating",
    "One with a UL rating of 10 B:C or more",
    "Any extinguisher of any rating",
    "Only a water extinguisher"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "The power unit of a placarded vehicle must have a fire extinguisher with a UL rating of 10 B:C or more.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-121",
   "topic": "drive",
   "q": "You drive a placarded vehicle with dual tires. When must you check the tires?",
   "options": [
    "Once a week",
    "Only when a tire looks low or the truck starts to pull to one side",
    "At the start of each trip and each time you park",
    "Only at inspection stations"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Check the tires at the start of each trip and each time you park, using a tire pressure gauge.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-122",
   "topic": "drive",
   "q": "A tire is overheated. What do you do?",
   "options": [
    "Cool it with water from a hose and keep going to your delivery",
    "Drive faster to cool it",
    "Let air out of it",
    "Remove it, place it a safe distance away and fix the cause before driving"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Remove an overheated tire, place it at a safe distance and do not drive on until the cause is corrected.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-123",
   "topic": "drive",
   "q": "What must you carry when you haul chlorine?",
   "options": [
    "A spare tank",
    "An approved gas mask and a leak-control kit",
    "A second driver",
    "Extra placards"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Chlorine drivers must have an approved gas mask and an emergency kit for leaks at dome cover plate fittings.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-124",
   "topic": "drive",
   "q": "Your vehicle is placarded. Where do you stop at a railroad crossing?",
   "options": [
    "You do not need to stop",
    "Right on the tracks to look",
    "15 to 50 feet before the nearest rail",
    "100 feet before the tracks"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Placarded vehicles, chlorine loads and hazmat cargo tanks must stop 15 to 50 feet before the nearest rail.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-125",
   "topic": "drive",
   "q": "What must you not do while crossing railroad tracks with a placarded vehicle?",
   "options": [
    "Shift gears",
    "Look both ways",
    "Keep moving steadily",
    "Keep both hands on the wheel"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Proceed only when no train is coming, and do not shift gears while crossing the tracks.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-126",
   "topic": "drive",
   "q": "Besides shipping papers and the route plan, what must a driver of 1.1, 1.2 or 1.3 explosives carry?",
   "options": [
    "Written emergency instructions and a copy of FMCSR Part 397",
    "The shipper's tax forms",
    "A printed copy of the road map of every state on the route",
    "A photo of each package"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Explosives drivers must carry the shipping papers, written emergency instructions, the route plan and a copy of FMCSR Part 397.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-127",
   "topic": "drive",
   "q": "When may a placarded vehicle drive near an open fire?",
   "options": [
    "Any time, if windows are closed",
    "Only with a police escort",
    "Only if it can pass without stopping",
    "Never in daylight"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Never drive a placarded vehicle near an open fire unless you can safely pass without stopping.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-128",
   "topic": "emerg",
   "q": "Why must the shipping name and ID number on the papers be correct for responders?",
   "options": [
    "They decide the toll",
    "They set the driver's pay",
    "They are needed only for the fuel tax report that the carrier files each quarter",
    "They use them to find the right guide in the Emergency Response Guidebook"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Responders look up the shipping name or ID number in the ERG, so wrong papers can lead to the wrong response.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-129",
   "topic": "emerg",
   "q": "After a hazmat crash, where should you keep people?",
   "options": [
    "Inside the cab",
    "Away and upwind",
    "Downwind of the vehicle",
    "Close to help you"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "Keep people away from the scene and upwind; warn others and send for help.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-130",
   "topic": "emerg",
   "q": "Firefighters arrive at your hazmat crash. What do you give them?",
   "options": [
    "The shipping papers",
    "Your logbook only",
    "Nothing until your employer calls",
    "The truck's keys only"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Keep the shipping papers with you and give them to responders so they know what is on board.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-131",
   "topic": "emerg",
   "q": "You suspect a fire in the trailer and the doors feel hot. What do you do?",
   "options": [
    "Do not open them",
    "Open them to let the heat out",
    "Open them a little to look",
    "Spray water inside"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Feel the doors first. If they are hot, do not open them: fresh air can make the fire flare up.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-132",
   "topic": "emerg",
   "q": "May you fight a fire in the hazmat cargo yourself?",
   "options": [
    "Yes, if the placard is FLAMMABLE",
    "Yes, always with the cab extinguisher",
    "Yes, if no one else is there",
    "Not without training and equipment"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "You may use an extinguisher on minor truck fires, but do not fight a hazmat cargo fire without training and equipment.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-133",
   "topic": "emerg",
   "q": "How should you find out where a hazmat leak is coming from?",
   "options": [
    "By smelling near each package",
    "By touching packages to feel wetness",
    "Never by smell or by touching it",
    "By tasting a drop"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Do not touch leaking material and never try to identify a material or find a leak by smell.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-134",
   "topic": "emerg",
   "q": "Hazmat is spilling from your vehicle. What should you do?",
   "options": [
    "Park, secure the area, stay there and send someone else for help",
    "Keep driving to a phone",
    "Leave the scene to call your carrier and the shipper from the nearest phone",
    "Drive to the next town for help"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Do not drive on to find help. Park, secure the area, stay with the vehicle and send someone else for help.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-135",
   "topic": "emerg",
   "q": "Explosives are involved in a crash. Before vehicles are pulled apart, what must happen to the explosives?",
   "options": [
    "Move them 25 feet away",
    "Leave them in place",
    "Remove them and place them at least 200 feet away",
    "Cover them with a fire-resistant tarp and leave them in the vehicle"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Before separating vehicles, remove the explosives and place them at least 200 feet from the vehicles and occupied buildings.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-136",
   "topic": "emerg",
   "q": "After an accident with compressed gas, whom must you notify?",
   "options": [
    "Only the truck stop",
    "No one if nothing leaked",
    "The shipper",
    "The vehicle's manufacturer"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Unless you must prevent further danger, notify the shipper of any accident involving compressed gas.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-137",
   "topic": "emerg",
   "q": "After a radioactive package is damaged, when may the vehicle be used again?",
   "options": [
    "After one day of airing out",
    "Right away if it looks clean",
    "After it is cleaned and checked with a survey meter",
    "After washing with water only"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Do not use the vehicle until it has been cleaned and checked with a survey meter.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-138",
   "topic": "emerg",
   "q": "What should you do with vehicle parts exposed to a corrosive liquid?",
   "options": [
    "Paint over them",
    "Wipe them with a dry rag only",
    "Ignore them until the next service",
    "Wash them with plenty of water"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Wash parts exposed to corrosives with water, and wash the cargo space after unloading before reloading.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-139",
   "topic": "emerg",
   "q": "After a leak of Division 2.3 or 6.1 poison, what must you do before using the vehicle again?",
   "options": [
    "Spray it with perfume",
    "Air it out for ten minutes",
    "Check it for stray poison",
    "Nothing, poison evaporates"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "After a 2.3 or 6.1 leak, check the vehicle for stray poison before it is used again.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-140",
   "topic": "emerg",
   "q": "Which incident must be reported by phone to the National Response Center?",
   "options": [
    "A missing placard found at the dock before the vehicle has left the shipper",
    "Any delay over one hour",
    "A flat tire on a placarded vehicle",
    "A hazmat incident causing property damage of more than $50,000"
   ],
   "answer": 3,
   "explain": "Report by phone when a hazmat incident causes a death, a hospital injury, damage over $50,000, an evacuation over an hour and more.",
   "volatile": true
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-141",
   "topic": "emerg",
   "q": "After a reportable hazmat incident, how soon must the carrier send a detailed written report?",
   "options": [
    "Within 90 days",
    "Within 24 hours",
    "Within 30 days",
    "Within one year"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Carriers must make detailed written reports within 30 days of an incident.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-142",
   "topic": "emerg",
   "q": "What does CHEMTREC give drivers and responders?",
   "options": [
    "Fuel discounts for hazmat drivers",
    "Technical information about the properties of hazardous materials",
    "Route permits for tunnels and bridges in every state on the route",
    "Free roadside towing"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "CHEMTREC runs a 24-hour line with technical information on the physical properties of hazardous products.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-143",
   "topic": "emerg",
   "q": "Who pays for cleaning up areas contaminated by a hazmat spill from your load?",
   "options": [
    "The state DMV",
    "The carrier",
    "The driver personally",
    "The local fire department"
   ],
   "answer": 1,
   "explain": "The manual states that the carrier is responsible for the cleanup of contaminated areas.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-144",
   "topic": "emerg",
   "q": "May you repack a leaking hazmat container at the roadside?",
   "options": [
    "Yes, into any empty box",
    "Yes, if it is small",
    "Only if you are trained and equipped to do it",
    "Yes, always"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Never try to repack leaking containers unless you have the training and equipment to do it safely.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-145",
   "topic": "emerg",
   "q": "A package of a Class 4 or Class 5 material is smoldering. What should you do?",
   "options": [
    "Do not open it",
    "Shake it to find the source",
    "Pour water into it",
    "Open it to let smoke out"
   ],
   "answer": 0,
   "explain": "Do not open smoldering packages of flammable solids or oxidizers; remove them only if it is safe and lowers the fire risk.",
   "volatile": false
  },
  {
   "id": "hz-146",
   "topic": "emerg",
   "q": "Near a hazmat leak or spill, what must you never do?",
   "options": [
    "Stay upwind",
    "Send for help",
    "Eat, drink or smoke",
    "Keep people away"
   ],
   "answer": 2,
   "explain": "Never eat, drink or smoke around a leak or spill.",
   "volatile": false
  }
 ]
}
